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La Biosphère de l’Anthropocène: Climat et Pétrole, la Double Menace.
Gaïa: Hypothèse, Programme de Recherche pour le Système Terre, ou Philosophie de la Nature? Thesis, Univ. Overview: A Program for Global Change (National Academies Press, 1986).ĭutreuil, S. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford Univ. B., revised and annotated by McMenamin, M. et al., Introduction by Grinevald, J., translated by Langmuir, D. The Biosphere (complete annotated edition: Foreword by Margulis, L. La Géochimie (Librairie Félix Acan, 1924) Moving forward, the grand challenge for ESS is to achieve a deep integration of biophysical processes and human dynamics to build a truly unified understanding of the Earth System. ESS has produced new concepts and frameworks central to the global-change discourse, including the Anthropocene, tipping elements and planetary boundaries.
The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme soon followed, leading to an unprecedented level of international commitment and disciplinary integration. Inspired by early work on biosphere–geosphere interactions and by novel perspectives such as the Gaia hypothesis, ESS emerged in the 1980s following demands for a new ‘science of the Earth’. Here, we discuss the emergence and evolution of ESS, outlining the importance of these developments in advancing our understanding of global change. Earth System Science (ESS) is a rapidly emerging transdisciplinary endeavour aimed at understanding the structure and functioning of the Earth as a complex, adaptive system.
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